Meta Analysis Validation for Cadmium (Cd) Determination in Cosmetic Products
A Literature Review
Keywords:
Cadmium (Cd), Validation, CosmeticAbstract
Cosmetics are widely used daily necessities, with increasing public awareness of personal appearance. These products may be contamined with the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), which poses health risks when concentration exceed established safety limits. Since cosmetics are applied to variuos external parts of the body, from head to the feet, ensuring their safety is essential. This article reviews the validation of cadmium (Cd) analysis methods in cosmetics using various instruments, including Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), Graphite Furnance Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The review indicates that the studies generally satisfy validation parameters, as demonstrated by linearity (R2 > 0,99) in ICP-OES dan AAS, accuracy in FAAS wthin acceptance range (80-110%), precision of GFAAS with low relative standard deviation (%RSD ≤ 2%), and most limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for all instruments below the detected cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Several studies reported cadmium (Cd) concentrations exceeding the safe limits of ≤ 5 ppm, as specified by BPOM Regulation No.16. In summary, selecting appropiate analytical instruments and thoroughly validating methods are esssential to ensure the reliability of cadmium analysis and to improve cosmetic product quality.
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